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Format

MPEG 1/2 Audio Layer 3

Summary

Name
MPEG 1/2 Audio Layer 3
Identifiers
  • MIME: audio/mpeg
  • PUID: fmt/134
  • Apple Uniform Type Identifier: public.mp3
Format type
Audio
Description
MP3 is a digital audio format, formally known as MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III. A third variant, known as MPEG 2.5, which supports lower bit rates implemented by the LAME MP3 encoder among others, but is not a recognised standard.
File extensions
mp3
Source
Digital Preservation Department / The National Archives

Relationships

Has lower priority than

Internal signatures

MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 with ID3v2 Tag

Note
Regularly-spaced frame headers should always be discoverable near EOF. An ID3v1 tag of up to 355 bytes may be present at EOF.

Byte sequences

Min Frag Length
Absolute from EOF
Offset
0
Max offset
None
Byte Sequence
FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{47-1795}
Endianness
Little-endian
Min Frag Length
Absolute from BOF
Offset
0
Max offset
None
Byte Sequence
494433
Endianness
Little-endian

MPEG-2 Audio Layer 3 with ID3v2 Tag

Note
Regularly-spaced frame headers should always be discoverable near EOF. An ID3v1 tag of up to 355 bytes may be present at EOF.

Byte sequences

Min Frag Length
Absolute from EOF
Offset
0
Max offset
None
Byte Sequence
FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{47-1795}
Endianness
Little-endian
Min Frag Length
Absolute from BOF
Offset
0
Max offset
None
Byte Sequence
494433
Endianness
Little-endian

MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 with ID3v2 Tag (protected)

Note
Regularly-spaced frame headers should always be discoverable near EOF. Header has CRC bit off to indicate protected. An ID3v1 tag of up to 355 bytes may be present at EOF.

Byte sequences

Min Frag Length
Absolute from EOF
Offset
0
Max offset
None
Byte Sequence
FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{47-1795}
Endianness
Little-endian
Min Frag Length
Absolute from BOF
Offset
0
Max offset
None
Byte Sequence
494433
Endianness
Little-endian

MPEG-2 Audio Layer 3 with ID3v2 Tag (protected)

Note
Regularly-spaced frame headers should always be discoverable near EOF. Header has CRC bit off to indicate protected. An ID3v1 tag of up to 355 bytes may be present at EOF.

Byte sequences

Min Frag Length
Absolute from EOF
Offset
0
Max offset
None
Byte Sequence
FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{47-1795}
Endianness
Little-endian
Min Frag Length
Absolute from BOF
Offset
0
Max offset
None
Byte Sequence
494433
Endianness
Little-endian

MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 without ID3v2 Tag

Note
Regularly-spaced frame headers should always be discoverable starting at BOF.

Byte sequences

Min Frag Length
Absolute from BOF
Offset
0
Max offset
1795
Byte Sequence
FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFB[10:EB]
Endianness
Little-endian

MPEG-2 Audio Layer 3 without ID3v2 Tag

Note
Regularly-spaced frame headers should always be discoverable starting at BOF.

Byte sequences

Min Frag Length
Absolute from BOF
Offset
0
Max offset
1795
Byte Sequence
FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF3[10:EB]
Endianness
Little-endian

MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 without ID3v2 Tag (protected)

Note
Regularly-spaced frame headers should always be discoverable starting at BOF with each header having CRC bit set off to indicate file is protected.

Byte sequences

Min Frag Length
Absolute from BOF
Offset
0
Max offset
1795
Byte Sequence
FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]{46-1439}FFFA[10:EB]
Endianness
Little-endian

MPEG-2 Audio Layer 3 without ID3v2 Tag (protected)

Note
Regularly-spaced frame headers should always be discoverable starting at BOF with each header having CRC bit set off to indicate file is protected.

Byte sequences

Min Frag Length
Absolute from BOF
Offset
0
Max offset
1795
Byte Sequence
FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]{46-1439}FFF2[10:EB]
Endianness
Little-endian

MP3 2.5

Note
Regularly-spaced frame headers should always be discoverable starting at BOF. MPEG 2.5 is an extended variant of MP3 that provides wider support of lower bit-rates than standard MP3. It is implemented by LAME encoder among others, however is not an officially recognised standard.

Byte sequences

Min Frag Length
Absolute from BOF
Offset
0
Max offset
1795
Byte Sequence
FFE3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFE3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFE3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFE3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFE3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFE3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFE3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFE3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFE3[10:EB]{46-1439}FFE3[10:EB]
Endianness
None

Changelog

  • Updated in V96

    Release date
    21 January 2020

    MPEG 1/2 Audio Layer 3: Added brief description and MP3 2.5 variant signature. Submitted by Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

  • Updated in V94

    Release date
    17 September 2018

    MPEG 1/2 Audio Layer 3: Increased number of sync bytes each signature variant is seeking to address increase in false-positives for unrelated formats being reported since changes introduced in v93 PRONOM update. Previously a set of null bytes was being sought near the end of an MP3 file to compensate for an old (since fixed) DROID bug with fragmented signatures, however these null bytes in the identification signature were themselves causing false-negatives.

  • Updated in V93

    Release date
    30 November 2017

    MPEG 1/2 Audio Layer 3: Adjusted signature to allow range at the BOF for files without ID3v2, adjusted EOF section for files with ID3v2 due to submission by University of Mississippi.

  • Added in V36

    Release date
    1 June 2010

    MPEG 1/2 Audio Layer 3: Signature updated as part of DROID 5.0 research to improve efficiency

  • Added in V34

    Release date
    2 April 2010

    MPEG 1/2 Audio Layer 3: Signature developed through DROID 5.0 research